ChatGPT and other Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools have quickly become an active part of everyday academic life. Both teachers and students use them regularly to do research, summarize texts or responses, create exercises or quizzes or explain course content. But GenAI needs to be used in a sensible manner and consistent with sound teaching principles. Otherwise, it could lead to an over-reliance on technology and neglect the important roles of teachers and students. Ideally, GenAI should be used to complement rather than replace human-centered education. When pedagogical practices combine the strengths of humans and AI, this can ultimately lead to enhanced creativity, empathy and academic comprehension of students.
A recently published paper explores a promising field of human-AI collaboration in education: GenAI feedback. The authors define GenAI feedback as: Information generated by a GenAI agent about certain aspects of a learner’s understanding or performance. Besides as a standalone source, the paper emphasizes the role of GenAI feedback as hybrid intelligent feedback in collaboration with humans.
The paper presents three main methods for providing hybrid intelligent feedback: human-led feedback with GenAI support, adaptive human-GenAI feedback and GenAI-led feedback with human enrichment. Each of these approaches describes the different roles GenAI and humans have in generating feedback and their supplementary advantages. Building on this, the paper proposes a pedagogical framework that outlines the implementation steps for hybrid intelligent feedback.
Based on their research, the authors offer recommendations for future research on hybrid intelligent feedback. Altogether, this paper marks the beginning of developing hybrid intelligent feedback in education. As a contribution to existing research, it suggests practical models and sets the stage for future innovative studies and applications in the field.
For more details, read the full article:
Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., Khosravi, H., Schunn, C. D. & Drachsler, H. (2025). Pedagogical framework for hybrid intelligent feedback. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2025.2499174